A Casino is a gambling establishment where patrons place wagers on various games of chance. While musical shows, lighted fountains, shopping centers and hotels help draw in customers, the vast majority of a casino’s gross profits come from games of chance, such as slot machines, blackjack, roulette, craps and baccarat. Although a small percentage of these games may have an element of skill, the house always has a mathematical advantage over players. This advantage is called the house edge. Casinos try to balance this advantage with generous perks for gamblers, called comps.
Some of these perks include free show tickets, food and drinks while gambling, discounted travel packages, hotel rooms and even private airplanes for high rollers. This strategy is especially successful in Las Vegas where there are no restrictions on gaming revenue. Other perks may be more subtle. For instance, casinos often use bright, sometimes gaudy colors on floor and wall coverings to stimulate gamblers and encourage them to keep playing. Red is a particularly effective color since it has been shown to increase gambling speed. Casinos also have strict security measures to prevent cheating and robbery. Many have cameras with a “eye-in-the-sky” view of the entire casino that can be adjusted to zoom in on suspicious patrons.
While the earliest casino games likely predate recorded history, the modern casino grew out of the 16th-century gambling craze that swept Europe. Italian aristocrats would gather at private parties at venues called ridotti, which offered a variety of ways to gamble under one roof. Casinos became more widespread as real estate investors and hotel chains figured out how to make money from them. Mob involvement in the early casinos was common, but government crackdowns and the threat of losing a gambling license at even the hint of mob involvement kept legitimate business away from the Mafia.